为亡者迁识

by Jigme Lingpa

吉美林巴撰

Before transferring the consciousness of a dead person, begin with saying
the name of the deceased an appropriate number of times.

为亡者迁识之前，先依适当的次数呼唤亡者姓名。

[Name of the deceased], having experienced impermanence you are
now dead.
Repeat three times.

［亡者姓名］，你已经历无常，如今已经死亡。
重复三遍。

You are not the only person to have experienced what we call ‘death’;
it is the path every one of the five kinds of sentient being (gods,
humans, animals, pretas, and hell beings) must follow. Once birth
has taken place, life or living can only end in death—such is the
nature of things. There is not a single sentient being in this world—
from the rich and powerful universal monarch to the starving beggar
unable even to feed himself—who can free themselves from life and
death, so don’t despair.

经历所谓“死亡”的，并非只有你一人；五类众生——天、人、畜生、饿鬼、地狱众生——无一不须走过这条路。一旦出生，生命或生存就只能以死亡告终，这就是事物的本性。这世上没有一个众生，从富有而权势显赫的转轮王，到连自己都养不活的饥饿乞丐，能够摆脱生死，所以不要绝望。

Be aware that nothing you are attached to—your family, your
friends, your house, your wealth, your possessions and so on—can
go with you. Understand that your time with them is now over. As
it is said:

要明白，你所执著的一切——家人、朋友、房屋、财富、财物等等——没有一样能随你而去。要理解，你与他们相处的时光，如今已经结束。正如所说：

When his time has come, even a king has to die,
And neither his friends nor his wealth can follow him.
So for us—wherever we stay, wherever we go—
Karma follows us like a shadow.^[32]

时至国王亦须死，
亲友财物无能随。
是故我等住行处，
业如影随不舍离。^[32]

Now that you are personally experiencing the ripening of the truth
of suffering described in this verse, which is the very nature of
things, the danger is that your attachment to your relatives, wealth
and possessions will lead you to a lower realm. This is why, in the
Sutra Requested by the Girl called Precious^[33], the Buddha said:

如今，你正亲身经历此偈所说的苦谛成熟，这就是事物的本性。危险在于，对亲人、财富和财物的执著，会把你引向恶趣。因此，佛陀在《宝女所问经》^[33]中说：

In that moment, your father, mother, relatives,
Friends or people you are close to, cannot afford you any protection.
Sons, daughters are no refuge.
Only those endowed with great qualities can protect you,
Which no worldly protector can give you.

彼时父母与亲属，
朋友以及亲近者，皆不能为你提供保护。
儿女亦非归依处。
唯具大功德者能护佑，
此非世间救护者所能给予。

You should therefore rejoice at being able to experience death and
transference at a time when the teachings of the Buddha exist in
this world. During this fortunate time, just to hear the names of the
bhagavān buddhas—no matter who recites them—is very powerful.
If a dead person with a joyful mind really trusts in the Buddha,
hearing the names of the buddhas during the process of transference
will liberate them from a lower rebirth and they will instead be
reborn as a human or a god. As the Buddha said in The Hundred
Deeds:^[34]

因此，你能在佛陀教法住世之时经历死亡与迁识，应当为此欢喜。在这幸运的时代，仅仅听到诸佛薄伽梵的名号——无论谁来念诵——都极具力量。如果亡者心怀欢喜，真正信赖佛陀，在迁识过程中听见诸佛名号，就能免于投生恶趣，转而投生人道或天道。如佛在《百业经》^[34]中所说：

“O monks, if a bird descends from the sky and lands in front of
me, will it see me?”, he asked. “O Noble Bhagavān, it will see you”, they replied. “O monks, if the bird comes to like me, it will
not leave but will stay and follow me. So if you have appreciation
for me in mind at the moment of death and transference, you will
have a rebirth much better than being reborn here in Rājagṛha
in the family of rich merchants, and will become a monk who
follows my teachings. In only seven years after having taken
ordination, you will overcome all negative emotions and become
a foe destroyer, an arhat.”

他问：“诸比丘，若有一只鸟从空中飞下，落在我面前，它会看见我吗？”他们答：“尊贵的薄伽梵，它会看见您。”“诸比丘，若这只鸟喜欢我，便不会离开，而会留下跟随我。因此，若你在死亡与迁识之际，心中对我生起欣慕，就会获得远胜于在此王舍城富商家中出生的来世，成为奉行我教法的比丘。受戒后仅七年，你便会克服一切烦恼，成为灭敌者——阿罗汉。”

Just one moment of faith in the Buddha brings about these benefits.
As you are born in a world where the teachings of the Victorious
One are present, you have heard the name of the Buddha, and you
also have the good fortune to be able to appreciate his teachings. So,
sincerely arouse an even greater faith in our teacher, the Tathāgata,
take refuge in the Dharma, his perfect teachings and aspire to
respect the sangha of bodhisattvas. Buddha promised that all fear
in the bardos and all the causes of lower rebirth will be completely
eliminated the moment anyone remembers his name and words, and
abides by the view.

对佛陀生起一刹那信心，就能带来这些利益。你生于胜者教法住世的世界，听过佛陀名号，又有幸欣慕他的教法。因此，要对我们的导师如来，至诚生起更加深厚的信心；归依正法——他的圆满教法；发愿恭敬菩萨僧众。佛陀曾应许，任何人只要忆念他的名号与言教，并依见地安住，刹那间，中阴中的一切恐惧及投生恶趣的一切因，便会完全消除。

Do not forget to rely on the protector Amitābha and the
bodhisattvas Avalokiteśvara and Vajrapāṇi, or their buddha-field
called Sukhāvatī. Since you are now free of your physical body of
flesh and blood, go straight to this supreme buddha field.

勿忘依靠怙主阿弥陀佛，以及观世音、金刚手菩萨，勿忘名为极乐的佛土。你如今已经脱离血肉之躯，便直接前往这一殊胜佛土。

Think of and meditate on the lama for whom you have devotion.
Remember your yidam and the view. Meditate on the Mahayana’s
bodhicitta in aspiration and action.

忆念并观修你所虔敬的上师。忆念本尊与见地。修习大乘愿菩提心与行菩提心。

Having created auspicious circumstances by following these key
instructions, apply the instructions on transference that lead to the
attainment of enlightenment without meditation. Since you are
reincarnating lifetime after lifetime, meditate on a white syllable a in
your heart. As I repeat a, bring into your experience what I have just
said. Consider that a (in some particular cases you can also change it
to hrih) goes straight to the buddha-field of Sukhāvatī, like an arrow
shot by a strong man.

依照这些要诀营造吉祥因缘之后，运用引导你不修成佛的迁识教授。由于你一生接着一生转世，应观想心间有一个白色 a 字。我念 a 时，把刚才所说的融入你的体验。观想 a（在某些特殊情况下，也可以改为 hrih）如壮士射出的箭一般，直达极乐佛土。

Say this to inspire the dead person and actualize it yourself. Then, repeat
the same number of a as the number of years the person lived, in a gentle
tone of voice. To send the dead person to a higher rebirth, pull the hair
on the crown of their head and repeat a twenty-one times. The Tantra
of the Union of the Sun and the Moon^[35] says:

以此话激励亡者，自己也要实际做到。随后，以柔和的声音念诵 a，遍数与此人生前的岁数相同。为令亡者投生善趣，牵拉其头顶的头发，念 a 二十一遍。《日月和合续》^[35]中说：

If, having applied the syllable a
To the breath and the number of years the person lived,
They do not die at that very moment,
Gather the consciousness of the air from the brahma aperture
Into the middle of the body
Focusing on the syllable a.

若已将 a 字用于呼吸，
遍数与彼寿岁相同，
而彼当时尚未死去，
则从梵穴将风之识，
摄集于身体中央，
专注于 a 字。

And,

又说：

If the dying person is still breathing as you do this practice,
By applying the letter to the breath
Their consciousness will be transferred from this world –
Of this there is no doubt.

修此法时，若临终者尚有呼吸，
将此字用于呼吸，
其识必从此世迁移，
对此毫无疑问。

Associating the unborn syllable a with the expelled air once the
process of dissolution has begun to manifest, is an extremely profound
instruction.

消融过程开始显现时，将无生 a 字与呼出的气息相结合，是极其甚深的教言。

Emphasize merging the mind of the person you practice for with
the wisdom of space-like expanse, using the skilful means of great
compassion. Alternatively, you could practise more elaborately at this
point by doing one of the many phowa as it appears elsewhere.^[36] In
any case, block the entrance to the lower realms with the names of the
buddhas, and with the mantras, dharanis and special aspirations made
by the buddhas. Bear in mind that it is difficult to guide those who
are completely unfamiliar with spiritual practice through kyerim, and
to introduce them to appearance, increase and attainment, and so on,
because it is very hard to communicate with those who are in the blank
state of alaya.

运用大悲方便，着重将所修之人的心，融入如虚空广大之智慧。或者，也可以在此处采用其他地方所见的众多颇瓦法之一，作较广的修持。^[36]无论如何，都应以诸佛名号、真言、陀罗尼及诸佛所发的殊胜愿，封闭恶趣之门。须记住，对于完全不熟悉修行的人，很难以生起次第引导，也很难向他们指示显、增、得等阶段，因为对于处在阿赖耶空白状态中的人，沟通极其困难。

This text was written by Rangjung Dorje, in the presence of Losal.

此文由让炯多杰于洛萨面前撰写。